Evacuation Bronze...

Introduction to evacuation

Definition: A procedure for moving a casualty from a dangerous location to a place of safety

Objectives:
· Ensure open airway
· Control severe bleeding
· Check for other injuries
· Immobolise injured part before the extrication of casualty
· Arrange for transport
· Avoid subjecting casualty to unnecessary disturbance

Indication for immediate rescue:
· Fire, explosion
· Lack of oxygen, asphyxia
· Serious traffic hazards
· Risk of drowning

General approach (DUE)
· D iagnosis: find out what happen to the casualty. Check for
major injuries
· U se of priority of first aid: avoid doing unnecessary treatments
· E vacuate the casualty to a safe place or a hosipital as soon as possible. Any delay can cause a difference

Methods of evacuation (SIM)
· S tretcher
· I mprovised
· M annual

Decision of methods (TIDA)
· T ype of injuries
· I mmediate surroundings
· D istance to safe shelter
· A vailbility of manpower/ equipment

Rules for transportation (SOSS)
· S afety
· O bservation
· S teadiness
· S peed

Evacuation Moves

1. Overturning casualty
§ Purpose:
· Artificial resuscitation
· To check for other injuries on the other side of the body
· To carry out cradle movement
· To turn casualty to recovery position

§ Method
· Kneel at the casualty’s side
· Stretch casualty’s hand that is nearer to you straight above his head
· Cross his legs
· Support his head by the cheek
· Using the other hand, hold the casualty’s other hand by the wrist and grab any clothing by the side of the casualty
· Slowly and gently pull the casualty towards you


2. Cradle movement
§ Purpose
· To prop up the casualty to semi- recumbent position
· To stand a casualty for lifting and carrying

§ Method
· Place casualty’s hands by his side
· Kneel at the left side of the casualty’s head
· Place your right hand beneath casualty’s head such that your right palm is supporting his right shoulder and the base of the skull is resting on your lower arm
· Place your left palm under his left shoulder
· Support casualty up to sitting position and move in your legs to allow the casualty to rest on them. Tilt casualty’s head to one side


3. Cradle carry
§ Purpose
· To carry light or children casualties

§ Method A
· Move the casualty to semi-recumbent position using cradle movement
· Move to the side of the casualty and place his hand that is nearer to you over your shoulder
· Place your arm round his back and the other one under his knees
· Lift him up and allow casualty to rest on his lap
· When you are ready, raise and carry the casualty

§ Method B
· Move casualty to standing position
· Keep casualty well supported and move to his side
· Place his hand that is nearer to you over your side
· Place your arm round his back and the other one under his knees
· Lift and carry the casualty


4. Human Crutch
§ Purpose
· For casualty with slight injuries on one leg

§ Method
· Stand on casualty’s uninjured side, place your arm around casualty’s waist and grasp some clothing on the opposite side
· Ask casualty to place his arm round your neck so that his hand can be supported
· Ask casualty to place his arm round your neck so that his hand can be supported
· Ask him to throw his weight on your foot when he is using his injured leg
· Timing is: your free leg, casualty’s uninjured leg then both yours and casualty’s leg


5. Pick a bag
§ Purpose
· For carrying light and conscious casualty

§ Method
· Stand in front of casualty
· Instruct him to lean on your back as you bend down
· Bring his hands over your shoulders and support his legs under his knee joints
· Steady your self and move off


6. Dragging
§ Purpose
· To move unconscious casualty over a short distance

§ Method
· Carry out cradle carry to standing position
· Place both arms under the casualty’s armpits
· Advance backwards (retreat)